What are the effects of excess dietary sodium?

Excess dietary sodium has been well-documented to lead to hypertension, which is characterized by consistently elevated blood pressure. High sodium intake causes the body to retain more water, leading to increased blood volume; this added volume can elevate blood pressure and put extra strain on the cardiovascular system. Over time, hypertension is a significant risk factor for various heart-related conditions, including heart disease, heart attack, and stroke.

The relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure is particularly relevant for individuals who may be sensitive to sodium, as they are at an increased risk of developing hypertension. Guidelines from health organizations recommend monitoring sodium consumption to help mitigate these risks. This understanding of how excessive sodium intake impacts heart health underscores the importance of a balanced diet low in sodium to maintain healthy blood pressure levels and reduce the likelihood of heart disease and associated complications.