How does caffeine elicit its ergogenic effects?

Caffeine elicits its ergogenic effects primarily by blocking adenosine receptors. Adenosine is a neurotransmitter that promotes relaxation and sleepiness; thus, when caffeine binds to these receptors, it inhibits their function. This action leads to increased alertness, reduced perception of effort, and improved concentration and focus during physical activity. The result is enhanced performance in endurance and high-intensity exercises.

The blockade of adenosine receptors also indirectly increases the availability of other neurotransmitters like dopamine, which can further improve mood and motivation, contributing to better exercise performance. This mechanism is crucial in understanding how caffeine can serve as a valuable supplement for athletes seeking to improve their workout efficacy and overall physical output during training and competitions.